Bacteria can exist in a biofilm, as a complex community of bacterial cells embedded in an extracellular polymeric matrix. Methods to elucidate the composition of the extracellular components of these biofilms and their ultrastructural organization are only recently being applied. By forming biofilms in vitro it is possible to explore the biofilm phenotype using non-invasive ultrastructural methods. Combining these approaches with proteomics can identify biofilm specific proteins and their locations within the biofilm.

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